Hunting alleged Nazi war criminals Essay

I can’t say if hunting Nazi war criminals is worth it, but I can give my opinion and it is up to you to make up your own mind. By the end of reading this, you should have come to some conclusion. I believe it is not worth hunting alleged Nazi war criminals, anymore. I think that spending tens of millions of pounds, and all the time and effort that goes into it now is worthless now. If they had have done it ten or fifteen years after the war had ended then they would have had much more success. The reason I think it is worthless now is because almost all evidence will have been destroyed after the war ended, and any war criminals from World War II would have done their best to completely hide their background and any evidence they have that they committed war crimes. Also victims that survived concentration camps will not be able to identify a man with absolute certainty that he was the same man that put people to death around fifty years ago, mainly for the simple reason that it was so long ago. Also witnesses may want to blame someone, so they blame the suspect in question, or they want it to be that suspect so much that they believe it was him. Also lots of witnesses are now dead, and the ones who are still alive may have something wrong with them that they can’t remember the face or voice of the man who put their friends and family to death. I also think that if they do catch a suspected Nazi war criminal, then he may have something mentally wrong with him. Due to old age the accused might not be able to remember anything, so it would be an unfair trial, because he doesn’t have an alibi with which to prove he was not a Nazi war criminal. A suspect may be too old or ill to go to court also, a suspect when found could be dying in their bed with only a few weeks to live and so they would never be able to stand a court trial anyway. These are the main reasons I believe that spending all the time, money and effort is not worth it. I believe it is too late and the suspects will be dying by the time they are found, an example of this is seen in a case where a man called Szymon Serafinowicz, who was accused of being a nazi war criminal. In this case the jury saw Serafinowicz to be unfit to plead to charges of war crimes, because he had dementure, so he couldn’t remember anything about where he was at certain times of the war, or what he was doing meaning he wouldn’t have an alibi with which to protect himself so the case would have been totally unfair. After being freed he died about 18 months later, so even if he had have been convicted he would have only spent a few months in jail, and would have probably been let out after a couple of weeks to be admitted into hospital. There was no case for this man who was suspected of being in command of police officers who ordered Jews to lay face down in the snow and where then shot, hit children’s heads against tomb stones to kill them, order Jewish families to line up and then shoot them, and he himself was accused of shooting a woman with a child who was running away. In total he was accused ordering 3000 Jews to be killed. If a man like this can’t even get a trial then, let alone being convicted is it really likely that another man will get convicted. In another case, the ‘Demjanjuk trial’ he was convicted of being ‘Ivan the terrible’ a guard at Treblinka and was accused of putting thousands to death, and torturing some people for the fun of it. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but got released after appealing. The judges decided there was not enough evidence to convict him after all. Five witnesses said under oath that they were certain that Demjajuk was Ivan the terrible, also he couldn’t remember where he was or what he was doing at certain times in the war, and it sounded like he was trying to pretend he was at certain places at certain times. It appeared only five outgo twenty survives thought Demjanjuk was Ivan the terrible, and these were the witnesses used in court. If fifteen say it wasn’t him and only five say it was him, the chances are that it was not him, even though five witnesses were sure of it, this proves that eye witnesses can not be totally relied upon to identify a man they saw about fifty years ago. This proves to me that it is not worth the bother and money of hunting them down anymore, but if you are not convinced yet I will talk about another trial, the ‘Papon case’. The jury heard that Papon should be freed during the trial, because of his advanced age and his medical condition (he suffered from angina). It was heard that even if he were found guilty he would not have to spend another night in jail. He died a few months later, so if he had have been convicted he was still be able to be free and walk about the streets. The war crimes unit did not get a single person convicted, even after all the effort they put in, they found evidence but did not manage to get a single conviction. After looking at all the evidence I really don’t think it is worth spending lots of time and effort and millions of pounds to find an old man who will probably be too ill and old to go through a court case, and even if they are fit to go through trial then they probably wont be convicted due to not enough evidence, or unreliable evidence.

Rich vs Poor Essay

The American Dream, the idea that every citizen can be successful if they work hard, is believable to the degree that every student going to school has the same opportunity to learn the skills needed to succeed in society. But if the opportunity for students to attain a sufficient education is imbalanced, then the likelihood of success becomes very slim for some students. Today, inequality has become a serious problem among poor students and their wealthy peers across the country, and the dream of becoming a successful icon is moving farther out of reach for them. In order to succeed in life, one depends on his or her adolescent years and years in college that desperately lean on the socioeconomic status of the parents and not only the quality of education. The achievement gap between the rich and the poor is constantly growing wider, and if nothing is done to aid poor student population the gap will continue to increase resulting in economic consequences and possibly crime among low -income adolescences who can’t cope with school life because they need to support for their family. The problem America faces is the relationship of an underprivileged socioeconomic background linked to poor child development and education. For the longest time, education has been the major lane to success in the United States. One’s life depends a lot on the skills attained from school and from family background, and the lack of opportunities influences the development of children and their future endeavors. Contrary to the middle-class and upper class children, many underprivileged children are deprived of these equal opportunities. In fact, children from low-income families get very little chances to have a normal education at all, and higher education like college and private schooling is essentially an unattainable dream that they can imagine but it never actually comes true. Due to the lack of resources and finances the initial opportunities of people from low-income families are consistently worse than opportunities of the rest of American children. Reading Richard D. Kahlenburg’s â€Å"5 Myths About Who Gets Into College,† he states that a 2004 Century Foundation study found that at the most selective universities and colleges, â€Å"74 percent of students come from the richest quarter of the population, while just 3 percent come from the bottom corner† (495). Correspondingly, SAT scores play an important role in being admitted to a good university. Students who come from areas with high poverty rates and come from low-income families usually score, on average, â€Å"784 points lower than the more privileged and fortunate student body† (Kahlenburg, 495). Even when students from low-income families score high on standardized testing and receive admittance to a university, their families have trouble supporting their children’s education financially. Consequently, these children are basically forced to work to earn enough money to keep his/her family alive, so ultimately college is a very diffic ult education level to attain. Naturally, most people are equally as intelligent, but in society today it matters what environment one lives in and what quality opportunities are presented depending on social status. For most people summer is a time to relax, but if you want to keep up with your classmates maybe its time to pick up a book! During summer break there is a common decline in learning that students experience, and this is called the summer slide. Three researchers from Johns Hopkins University named Karl Alexander, Doris Entwisle, and Linda Olson, researched this issue thoroughly by performing longitudinal studies on Baltimore students from 1st grade through age 22. During the academic year, lower-class children achieved the same reading levels as their middle and upper class peers, but children from lower-class families diminished in reading skills once summer started. Children from more affluent families have more opportunities such as summer school, tutoring, and other programs that low-income children cannot afford. It is concluded: â€Å"two-thirds of the ninth grade reading achievement gap can be explained by unequal access to summer learning opportunities during elementary school† (Karl Alexander, Doris Entwisle, Linda Olson). Another recent study resulted in similar conclusions to the one completed by the researchers of Johns Hopkins University. In an essay written by McCombs, J. S., Augustine, C.H., and Schwar tz, H.L, they acknowledge that during the summer students in elementary school lose about a month of knowledge and skill, and even worse off, lower-income students can lose up to two or three  months. And so low-income students fall disproportionally behind in reading while their middle and upper income peers may even gain skills in reading because of the summer activities available for them. The worst part of it all is that summer learning loss is cumulative and as time progresses, low-income and higher-income students’ performance starts to segregate, thus contributing significantly to a wider achievement gap. If you notice, in Karl Alexander, Doris Entwisle, and Linda Olson study, they talk about lower-class children achieving the same reading levels as their middle and upper class peers in a given academic year. This goes to prove that it is not so much the school and poor teaching that causes such an increase in the achievement gap between the rich and the poor over the last few decades, but the way people make use of their summers and time spent away from school regarding socioeconomic status. Not only does this apply to summers and time from school, but also a child’s success in life greatly depends on his or her family background the years before school even starts. Children have the ability to effortlessly learn a new language or a subject in school because of their cognitive skills that work much better than in later years. So it is apparent that they receive the best environment and treatment from their parents in order to start kindergarten on the right track. What can we do about the problems lower-class children in early years face in relation to poor societal status and low-income? One effective way to narrow the achievement gap between the rich and the poor would be to make sure all students have admittance to a committed, cognitively motivating environment in the comfort of their own home and in preschool locations, so no matter where the children are they can feel safe and secure in these child- friendly areas. In order to do this, we need an economy that can provide poor families with sufficient incomes/wages. More jobs, more affordable health care, and child-care programs are also necessary to increase the average income of lower-class individuals and boost the socioeconomic status so many suffer under. Another good idea to enhance the lives of young children preparing for the educational world, are programs like the Nurse-Family Partnership where nurses help low-income, first-time mothers raise their children and learn skills need ed to become a good parent and give their children the best start in life possible. Getting a good start in life and being ready for Kindergarten years is a very crucial among peers  because, currently, the preparation gap for school considering middle and upper class students is much greater than lower-class students who do not have the resources necessary to catch up to their affluent pupils. Consequently, another solution that may tighten the gap between low-income students and high-income students, regarding preparation for early years of school, would be to start public education at an earlier age. At first the cost may appear to be quite expensive because of the extra years of schooling needing funding, but the social benefits of a decreased inequality gap could outweigh the costs of the extra years in the long run. In fact, it would not only reduce the inequality gap, but it would also upsurge the amount of women remaining at work after pregnancy, resulting in an increase in GDP as well. The best manner in reducing educational inequality is to guarantee that all children begin school on an even note. Schools do not have the power and the determination alone to fix the gap so it the state, federal government, and American citizens to put these issues on top of the list of economic duties. Without a proper education, students living in lower-class areas don’t ha ve the necessary tools that will help them escape the life they would otherwise resort to, crime, if school were not to work out. The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood by David Simon and Edward Burns is a good example of why improvements in education opportunities and achievement for low-income cities need to be made. Through the eyes of the protagonist DeAndre McCullough, we are introduced to the brutal, threatening conditions of inner city life, which many low-income students suffer from due to a number of socioeconomic problems they face. As a result of being a victim of these conditions, DeAndre has lost all motivation to think about his future, â€Å"Maybe he’d think more about his future if it were clear he had one.†(David Simon). He has accepted the fact that his life could end at any moment, ultimately resulting in a loss of purpose. This acceptance is reflected in others with similar situations, they turn to the streets because â€Å"In this place only, they know what they are, why they are, and what it is that they are supposed to do. Here, they almost matter†(David Simon). Children who are not born with the privileges rich peers have acquired, have a choice between joining the street life to get by or follow an educational route; but unfortunately in society today, the first choice is more promising. However, with proper motivation and  better learning facilities, young teenagers like DeAndre don’t have to make these assumptions. The achievement gap between the poor and rich is continuously widening due to the fact that low-income children can’t break out of their parents’ social status very easily while wealthy children have all the resources necessary to be prosperous. According to Stanford professor Sean Reardon, the difference in average academic skills of children in low-income and high-income families is â€Å"roughly 30 to 40 percent larger among children born in 2001 than among those born twenty-five years earlier† (Reardon). Low-income students usually end up just keeping their parents socioeconomic status because they cannot afford to attend nice schools and acquire all the outside resources and extra help necessary; vise versa, families with high income have a greater chance to send their children to sufficient schools and tend to have saf er learning environments than low-income individuals. It is the poor staying relatively still throughout the twenty-five years regarding increased income, while the middle/upper class group accumulates a lot of money, which, in turn, increases the income gap between the two groups. The increase in the income gap between poor and rich parents means that there is an increase in the achievement gap between poor and rich students. In recent years, a lot of focus has been put on preparing young children for next level education like Kindergarten and elementary school, because ensuring readiness is very important for a proper learning experience. However, let’s take into account all the negative aspects that normally play into the socioeconomic background of students in low-income families: 1) Low-income level of parents, 2) parents unemployed or have minimum wage jobs, 3) either parents never went to college or never even finished high school, 4) single mother/ father in prison (Willis, 2007). Low-income students from these kinds of families have a small chance of social mobility and will likely just follow in the footprints their parents left behind. Adolescences don’t have the motivation to try in school because they know where their life is going to be headed regardless. Many poor families would love to get off of welfare, live on the beach, achieve a better socioeconomic status, etc. but segregation between low-income families and middle/high income families forces the two groups to live in areas  corresponding to their income level. So even if poor students want to gain a sufficient education, they will have a lot of trouble getting it because poverty follows them wherever they go. As we already know, education opportunities of children from low-income families are consistently worse than those of the middle and upper class. Such a situation is very dangerous for the future of children because, currently, education is one of the major conditions that lead individuals to progress and a successful career. In fact, without good education, these children will not have good job opportunities and, therefore, the competitiveness in the labor market will be extremely low. And not only does poverty link to poor education, it also strongly correlates with meager health benefits. Poor health is affecting the low-income population due to low paying jobs having bad health insurance and not giving individuals enough money to get better insurance. Middle-class and upper-class societies are given better health benefits than the poor, less fortunate because they have more opportunities in attaining jobs with good health benefits. As a result, the lack of educational opportunities deprives them of future job opportunities and health benefits, and children from low-income families are stuck in a kind of vicious circle, from which only few can find the way out. The opportunities presented to the middle-class and upper-class population are a lot more abundant and superior quality. The Federal government and the state governments need to find a balance between the two economic groups and offer better schooling to the less fortunate so they can catch up to the standards of the better educated collection of individuals and families. This inequality of achievement between the social classes is leaving the poor in the dust as the middle and upper class individuals take advantage of all the necessities of a good education. Work Cited: Alexander, K. L, Entwisle, D., & Olson, L. (2007). Lasting consequences of the summer learning gap. American Sociological Review, 72, 167-180. Hernandez, D.J. (2011) Double jeopardy: Highways creation linked to the economy. Baltimore: Annie E. Casey Foundation. Kahlenburg, Richard D. â€Å"5 Myths About Who Gets Into College.† Read, Reason, Write An Argument Text and Reader. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. McCombs, J. S., Augustine, C. H., Schwartz, H. L, Bodilly, S. J., McInnis, B., Lichter, D. S, & Cross, A. B. (2011). Making summer count: How summer programs can boost students’ learning. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Reardon, S.F. (2012). The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor. Community Investments: Summer 2012, 24(2), 19-39.

Benefits of health promotion Essay

A Healthy lifestyle is promoted by being educated in prevention methods and strategies. How is health promotion define and what is its purpose? The nursing roles, responsibilities and implementation methods for health promotion will be addressed, finally, a comparison of the health promotion levels. Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. (World health organization, n. d) Health promotion helps prevent diseases, premature death and disability. It is voluntary which result in positive behavior changes and an increase in knowledge. The purpose of health promotion is to influence the healthy behavior of humans while taking a look at the living conditions and the working environment. Acknowledging how it influences and is incorporated in to the health promotion model in all communities. Nursing roles are evolving in health promotion by including clinical nursing practices, consultations, follow-up treatment, patient education and illness prevention. Nursing assume community-based care using evidence-based practice. Understanding the nursing role will help the outcome in promoting health promotion resulting in an increase of patient knowledge, self-management and the quality of life. Furthermore, nurses are often in contact with family members, caregivers, and the community. They should assume the role as a healthcare promoter. The responsibilities include, being proactive, multi-disciplinary in nursing and to view themselves as movers for a change. Understanding includes adapting to trends, society changes and how this affects health promotion. Nurses have an advantage to develop a promotion strategy to increase change in healthy behavior. In addition, acquiring skills in emergency care, counseling, advocacy, public, family and community needs are helpful in the individual assessment of health promotion of each person. The implementation methods for health promotion that encompasses all areas of nursing are clarifying roles and responsibility, collecting information which should be done at a different level in the hospital and interpreting results from summarizing data from patient response to healthcare given and performance scores. Developing a quality improvement plan that is continuously monitor with re-analysis on a regular basis is highly recommended. Understanding the nature of health promotion is embracing the challenges and opportunity to healthcare professional to influence healthcare promotion. Doing so, let’s compare the three levels of health promotion: first level of health promotion is primary prevention which includes activities to help avoid a given healthcare problem. In the article â€Å"Effectiveness of a community based health promotion program targeting people with hypertension and high cholesterol†, it addressed patient knowledge and understanding hypertension and high cholesterol complications from their self-care behaviors, in which an effort to change was made. Having the knowledge about hypertension doesn’t always result in behavioral change but may result in a problem such as a lack of response, an increase in disability and a decrease in life expectancy. If the participants had self-efficacy and was able to manage chronic diseases, there would be an influence of self-care behavior which can be incorporated into the health promotion efforts. In this study primary prevention help improve the participants overall view and behavior towards hypertension and high cholesterol. The second level of health promotion which is identified and treat non symptomatic individuals who have already developed risk factors or pre-clinical diseases but the condition is present. In the article â€Å"Health coaching to improve Hypertension treatment in a low-income, minority population†, Participations received a community based health promotion program in which the goal of the program is to provide information on hypertension and high cholesterol and educated on problem solving and skills to improve self-efficacy. Multiple strategies to promote the development and self-efficacy information were given on DVDs about hypertension and high cholesterol. Self-care booklets, group support (counseling and exercising) and telephone follow-up were also included. The results after a six months study showed an increase in patient motivation and health behavior. There was a decrease in HDL level and blood pressure. Patients found it much easier to deal with hypertension and cholesterol by using the self-care skills. Because of the community based program there was an increase in confidence in each patient that participated an identifying the secondary prevention behavioral interventions were successful in this community study. The tertiary level of heal promotion involves care of the current diseases and restoring to the highest function while minimizing the negative effects of the present disease as well to prevent complications. In the article â€Å"Rehabilitation for patients after stroke in a tertiary hospital: Is it early and intensive enough? †, addresses stroke survivors who receive early and intensive rehabilitation within the first 24 hours result in walking as early of 3. 5 days verses 7. 5 days. Stoke survivors are discharged home too early before gaining any independence in mobility lowers the rehabilitation success. Providing early motor recovery helps with the patients and family satisfactory and emotional support. Not to mention there were a lower risk of in-hospital deaths. There were also shorter hospital stays and greater short and long term functional gains. The tertiary level of promotion in the article is restoring the stroke survivor to its previous state before the stroke as well preventing any future complications. In conclusion, health promotion in nursing is prevention. Improving the strategies to improving health promotion should be a very important issue to the current health reform environment. So when we look at what is needed, let’s look at the framework of health promotion defining it as addressing the healthy behaviors in every community and nationally. The healthcare professionals are responsible to educate, advocate, prevent and promote. Under the umbrella of health promotion the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention will ensure healthy conditions if use in every nursing role and responsibility. This health promotion should run parallel with our interactions within the care and encounters of patients, family members and the community. Health promotion is like a cure, which depends on the strength of healthcare professional to accept this global responsibility.

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example The military is an elite organism made up of those who are more able than many. However, it is also unusual in the fact that its income or funding is determined by the governments budget. This is a challenge. They can be the greatest in the world but unlike many organizations, they do not earn more for being great, they must fit that greatness inside the budget given. They deal with this by basing many of their functions on economic laws. Those laws are applied to almost everything they do (Fedorov., 2001). It is a little strange to think of the military as an economic machine but it certainly is. The military is a very close knit organism. They have a very organized way of managing to make each piece of the organism happen. Each one knows their job extremely well is very organized in his interaction with the other parts of the organism. Each cell does not think out of the box because they do not want them to think out of the box but follow the ritual exactly as it is written as it may save the life of one of the other cells later. . Like the military, the orchestra is a system made up of many subsystems and like the military those subsystems are very responsible for carrying out their individual and distinct duties. The orchestra functions very much the same as the military in its demand for each and every person to know their job really well for the good of the whole organization. If the viola cannot play the music they are supposed to play tonight, he can endanger the whole program. Just like the military organism they work in harmony. When the organization is a productive system which is the fact with both the military system and the orchestra, the open systems approach to analyzing their system is effective. In looking at a systems analysis which is shown above, the organizations environment and the relationship between it and the system are analyzed. The four major subsystems that are apparent are the economic system which we have discussed in the

The Role, Purpose and Value of Design and Technology in the School Essay

The Role, Purpose and Value of Design and Technology in the School Curriculum - Essay Example Education should be made equally accessible to everyone despite of the race, ethnic or social class to which a person belongs; this would not only create a more equitable society but also create a harmony among the people living in the society. One of the fundamental reasons for the striking income disparity between people of the same society in this capitalist world lies in unequal access to education for everyone which eventually puts people belonging to lower income classes at disadvantaged and hence they never get out of their poverty trap (Matheson, 2008). Furthermore, the purpose of education is to make children aware of what they want to do with their lives, what opportunities lay ahead, what are the possible fields they can progress into etc. Above everything else, education helps the individuals to secure their future not only for themselves but for their families as well, as education is positively related to higher incomes. Studies have consistently proven over time that i ndividuals with a higher college or university degree end up earning more as compared to their counterparts with less education (Owen-Jackson, 2007). Moreover, another crucial facet of education is the chance of upward social mobility it provides to individuals who seek higher education. In this fast paced world where competition has become severe and only survival of the fittest is possible, education should not be restricted to bookish and theoretical text only but it must also incorporate informal education and knowledge of skills that would entail an individual to live a better and prosperous life (Posner, 2003). Importance of education has become more pivotal than ever before as the world has transformed into a global village where information technology now plays an unprecedented role in our lives; economies which once used to be agricultural centers have changed to service and manufacturing economies where education and skills are imperative for the survival (Posner, 2003). A part from the monetary and financial gains of education, another purpose central to education is to create a civilized society where everyone is given equal rights and where ethics and morals are given due importance for a higher standard of living so that everyone can live peacefully in a secured environment. Education inculcates an ability to differentiate what is right or wrong in life. It helps individuals to distinguish between the acceptable and unacceptable values. It makes people politically and socially aware of their responsibilities as a citizen of the state. In other words, education can be attributed as a fundamental on which a society with higher economic, political and social growth is formed; as a major role of education is to integrate people in order to keep social setup stable and smooth (Sleeter, 2005). Lastly, in a nut shell education is an investment for lifetime which provides more freedom to live a better life and the benefits of which are not only restricted to individuals but it contributes to the society in which the person resides. It is the role of government to make sure that every individual is getting an equal and an unbiased opportunity to access education in order to form an equitable and just society. Importance of Curriculum with a focus on UK Education System: Education is crucial for the development of a civilized socie

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality Essay - 4

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality - Essay Example According to the research findings, the definition of original could be something like â€Å"builds off of previous works in the field to make something new in some important way.† The reason creating a definition of original has to focus on using other people’s ideas is that using someone else’s ideas *has* to be part of creating anything new. Otherwise, creation will just be a constant process of reinventing the wheel. This is a problem in several important ways. Firstly, creating something new, that is not based on someone else’s ideas, takes a lot more time and effort – imagine what the world would be like if every single person who wanted to use the computer had to invent their own language for programming it, their own operating systems and so on. So the process of progress, of creating new thing has to use other people’s ideas to save time and energy, and actually, have time to do something new or original with it. Without this time sa ving it would be nearly impossible to actually spend any time on a true invention. Not only does creating something from scratch take a great deal more time than using other people’s ideas and building off of them, but it also actually helps promote original things (that is, things that look different or operate differently from what came before them). If someone was trying to design a car, for instance, without ever having looked at a car before, they would probably create something that looked a great deal like early automobiles, because those were simple and natural designs. But if someone were to look at cutting-edge designs like a 2012 Porsche or Cadillac, use those as a starting point, and then move forward by adding or subtracting features, streamlining here or making more elegant there, then the work would look different than what came before.

Discuss the phenomenon of failed and failing states in the 21st Essay

Discuss the phenomenon of failed and failing states in the 21st century, and explore how their citizens and the rest of the worl - Essay Example Almost 100 people were killed in Libya following protests, including one incident where police simply fired into a crowd and 18 people were killed instantly. In addition, numerous countries—including, but not limited to Iran, Bahrain, Yemen, and Thailand, have been making the news headlines lately—for their people having protested governments that are in dire straits and are in danger of failing or are already failed. A discussion of the failed and failing states of Somalia, Chad, and Afghanistan will be held, including in this discourse an evaluation, for each nation: the phenomena of the failed and failing state; how the citizens should react; and how the rest of the world should react to the challenges failing states pose. II. Somalia A. The Phenomena Nonprofit research & educational organization , Fund For Peace publishe[s] [the] Failed State Index every year. â€Å"Somalia [is] featured in [the] most unstable country... It tops [the] failed state list for third co nsecutive time. Somalia's pirates have become problem for all countries while civil war has displaced thousands of people† (â€Å"Top Ten Failed States,† 2010, pgh. 5). Many people remember years ago when Somalia came into the spotlight due to the famine there, and food was airlifted to the Somalia from the United States. Now Somalia is facing scrutiny again, mainly this time due to the pirate problem on the high seas as well as people having been left homeless after the civil war that happened there. B. How Citizens Should React Somali citizens should probably react by using grassroots organizing strategies in order to better their communities. They should also form societal organizations that encourage the fomentation of education. If there were a more educated populace, it might be true that a lot of the problems associated with living in abject poverty could be eliminated, except for perhaps other than poverty itself. In bleak cases, Somalians should take refugee st atus and emigrate to another country where there are less problems with social unrest. C. How the Rest of the World Should React People should give support to the Somalians. They should stand with them in their quest for justice. People should support their attempt to become a country that can compete in the African and international economies. Right now they are languishing in squalor and ignorance. The UN should take some sort of action in order to ensure that Somalia does not stay on the list of failed states, because if it does, this could affect the country’s ability to be recognized as a competent nation. III. Chad A. The Phenomena Chad is a failed state that also has multiple problems. Regarding Chad, Fund for Peace also reported that â€Å"†¦[the] Republic of Chad is [a] landlocked African country. Chad has been facing humanitarian crisis. Refugees from Sudan, [the] Central African Republic, and [its] own internally displaced people make half a million. [The] Un ited Nation is highly concerned about the matter† (â€Å"Top Ten Failed States,† 2010, pgh. 6). Being just south of Libya, the same kind of thing that happened in the â€Å"Days of Rage† in Libya could also just as easily happen in Chad if there is an uprising. B. How Citizens Should React It makes more sense that citizens should try to do grassroots organizing while, at the same time laying low—out of sight of people like the military, who are likely to open fire on protesters, like what happened in Libya. It

CORPORATE FINANCE MINICASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CORPORATE FINANCE MINICASE - Essay Example Explain what these terms mean, and briefly describe each theory. Dividend irrelevance theory refers to a theory where there is a difference between the dividends, capital gains and making of dividend policy irrelevant and which do not have an effect on the value of the firm. This theory was developed and proposed by MM however there have been a number of assumptions that have been made to prove that it is zero. In the theory MM had argues that paying out a dollar on a share would lead to reduction of the growth of earnings, dividends as the stock require to be sold to be able to make up for the capital paid in terms of dividends. The ‘bird – in - the – hand’ refers a theory where the dollar of dividends in hand is a preferred solution rather than a dollar that is retained in the business. In these cases as well the dividend policy has not effect on the firm’s value. This theory on the other hand was identified and recognised by Myron Gordon and Jon Lintner. The major argument was that the investors note a dollar of dividend to be much less riskier when in hand rather than in the retained earnings of a company. In this case the investors will regard the firm with a high payout ratio than being a less risky with a low payout ratio. The two theories oppose one another as the MM stated that the Gordon Lintner spoke of the firm’s risk to be dependent on the riskiness of its cash flows from the assets and the capital structure. However it is not how its earnings are distributed among the investors. It is essential to understand that if the dividend irrelevance theory is accurate, then it would mean that there are no consequences of the dividend payout theory. In case the bird – in – the – hand theory is correct, then the firms would have a high payout if it maximised its stock prices. If the tax preference theory is accurate, it will be noted that the firm

Introduction to business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to business law - Essay Example Managers need to remain increasingly concerned about the occurrences of any harmful incidents during the event. For instance, a court might consider several aspects if there occurs a harmful incident due to lack of air-conditioning facilities at the concert as can be witnessed with reference to the incident of Madonna’s concert in the UK recently. The aspects may include complying with the legal rules as well as regulations and making essential approvals relating to the concert. The various responsibilities of a safety manager at Madonna’s concert in Australia would be to construct a safe venue for the viewers or the audiences, offering ample space to the viewers for free movement which in turn shall also render them a comfortable space to enjoy the show without disruptions and appropriately managing the people including the working staffs. Moreover, the other significant role of a safety manager is to monitor various safety aspects for the conduct of an event which inc ludes electrical systems, fire prevention tools and accumulation of surface water among others. Hence, the scope in relation to the duties of an event manager is considered to be quite broader as the manager is entitled with various responsibilities to be performed since the initiation till the completion of the event. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1.Introduction 4 2.Event Context 5 3.Legal Issues 7 3.1.Overview of the Australian Health and Safety Laws 7 3.2.Legal Considerations 9 5. Recommendations 9 6. Conclusion 11 References 12 1. Introduction As to a recent instance regarding Madonna, it has been viewed that Madonna’s concert has significantly raised tremendous issue relating to health and safety. The demands of Madonna had ultimately resulted in generating huge troubles with health and safety officials concerning the event. The issue was regarding the impediment of air-conditioning as one of the prime demands of Madonna. With reference to the challenges witnesse d during this concert, it can be effectively noted that it is quite necessary to manage a particular event or a concert which would emphasise upon looking after the interests of both the artists and the viewers. In order to organize and manage the similar event with Madonna in Australia, laws pertinent with health and safety would be the topmost concern. In this discussion, a detailed report advising Madonna and her management on various legal matters will be taken into concern. The different matters would include determining the appropriate authorities in Australia who are responsible for maintaining the efficiency of event management in relation to health and safety. Moreover, identification of certain matters that a court might consider when analyzing the likelihood of an occurrence of a harmful incident due to lack of air-conditioning facilities at the concert will be discussed. Various aspects such as the work of a safety manager relating to a musical concert, carrying out vari ous safety checks and the duties of a safety manager prior to, during and immediately after the concert will also be portrayed in the discussion. 2. Event Context The nature of the proposed event is about organising a musical concert in Australia for entertainment. The chief artist of the concert would be the famous singer, actress, dancer as well as songwriter, Madonna. The event would likely be held in Australia’s one of the premium indoor venue i.e. ‘

Cross Cultural Communication and Business Management Term Paper

Cross Cultural Communication and Business Management - Term Paper Example When manages successfully, it brings economic benefits. For organizations that send managers on foreign assignments. The cost can be high, as those managers need to adjust to their new environment. Cross-cultural effective communication is useful and worthy which can deal with conflicts that arise within multicultural. What would the ideal manager of international operations look like The ideal manager would have a "very good command of several languages and knowledge of and sympathy for several cultures" ( Hedlund 1986: 31 ). Some authors argue that these managers must become cosmopolitans, to grow beyond cultural limitations ( Harris and Moran 2000). To be "cosmopolitan", according to Webster's Third New International Dictionary, a manager must "be marked by interest in, familiarity with, or knowledge and appreciation of many parts of the world: not provincial, local, limited, or restricted by the attitudes, interests, or loyalties of a single region, section, or sphere of activity: worldwide rather than regional, parochial, or narrow." As if this were not asking enough of an international manager, Harris and Moran also distinguish between cosmopolitans and global managers. Global managers are cosmopolitans who have an additional facility for making appropriate business decisions anywhere that they operate. Given the near impossibility of either finding or developing such a manager, is it any wonder that we encounter firms of all types and classes making costly blunders in their foreign operations Business people today face an increasing range of culturally diverse situations. To ensure success in business, many organizations are using cross-cultural communication to improve their manager's cross-cultural effectiveness and enhance their communication skills. In a diverse workplace, there are many cultures collide. Many culture norms influence a manager's behavior and subsequent reactions (Gardenswartz L. and Rowe A., 2001).  

Comparative Method in Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Method in Political Science - Essay Example Cultural trends and ideologies differences have also been cited as determining factors behind the association between GDP and democratic processes. The differences between democratic processes and authoritarian systems may relate to the inherent factors of organization, heritage and nature. According to some theoretical perspectives, the level of political participation is regulated by n interplay between external and internal processes, which in turn affects the nature of politics as they occur in different places. Discourses of the public sphere have emerged to affect the manner in which politics differ from one place to another or from one country to another. Some of the propositions that have been put forward to explain the relationship between GDP and politics are consistent with the modernization theory. Generally, the level of growth of GDP is considered to be a significant indicator of the relationship that happens between one country and another. Political processes are necessarily linked to economic systems and the cultural life of a people. In democratic processes, the system of governance is usually based on the tastes and preferences of the people. The citizenry determine the manner in which they want to be governed. Usually, the nature of politics will ultimately determine the level of economic development of any given country. The political environment is one of the major factors that determine the kind of economic activities in the country. It might be argued that political processes are naturally related to some of the issues that affect development processes. Politics forms the superstructure on which the systems of development are necessarily determined. In line with this kind of thinking, it might be argued that democratic processes are more likely to supply appropriate synergies for development that autocratic regimes. Indeed, studies have indicated that countries that allow sufficient

Longevity research Essay Example for Free

Longevity research Essay Today, a great amount of people have learned to enjoy life once again as a senior in the community. This would speak of those in the 70’s and beyond. Life expectancy for Americans, which was a mere 49 years in 1900, has now increased to around 76 years. This we can say is due to improvements in health care, nutrition, and the overall standard of living. Not only are people living longer, but they are becoming more active in their older age, relative to elderly of the past. More older Americans are able carry out their own â€Å"instrumental activities of daily living† (Hodes 2003) As such, the desire for life has grown and billions have been poured into longevity research, an undertaking meant to discover ways and means to extend life. A vast motivation in science has been well-funded to discover how to keep man alive longer, with its aim toward more and more years. (Douglas 2006) There are concerns however one must view in light of this, namely, will a society with many living over a hundred years be actually as beautiful as it seems to present? The first concern would be the quality of life given that although the body may be kept health, the brain will be aging. Surely, the mind at the age of 110 is not as lucid as that of one at the age of 60. There are many diseases that correlate with the aging brain, but let us use the more common Alzheimer’s disease as an example. This is a devastating condition that has been seen to have a profound impact on individuals, families, the health care system, and society as a whole. Demographic studies suggest that if the current trends maintain themselves, the annual number of incident cases of this disease will begin a sharp increase in the year 2030 thereabouts. (Alzheimer’s association 2009) This will be a time that people born between 1946 and 1964 will all be over 65 years. Studies further show that by the year 2050, the number of Americans with the disease could double. Imagine these implications. It’s true that people live longer, but then what quality of life can one have if he lives 20 years more but has lost memory of his family and friends. This disease accounts for around 50-50% of cases of dementia. With increase longevity, there will be a large increase in the prevalence of the disease as people will be living to be older. It can be such difficulty to the individual to live in a condition where for years he is grasping at memories that he cannot recall. It’s an incredible burden to the family as well, as they will now be responsible for more elderly, living longer lives, incapable of self care, and maybe even incapable of recognizing kin. Imagine a scenario where a parent is 110 years old, their child being 85 and their grandchild at 60, how would it be feasible for the turn of care to pass from parent to child in such a scenario where all are classifiable as aged. A second concern is that apart from the aging mind, there is also the aging body. It is true that the individual will be living long, but then there are multitudes of risks that will accompany this. The wear and tear from all the years will now set in as he will now be more prone to multitudes of disease as years go by. Sicknesses like arthritis of the joints, a heart attack, stokes, cataracts, diabetes and many more will all now be factors that come into play. Even worse, should the person gain a long-playing debilitating condition, one with no cure such as the case of Alzheimer’s previously mentioned, then again what kind of quality of life can he sustain? Let’s take a stroke for example. Currently, a stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Statistics show that over 143,579 people die each year in the United States from this condition. Now in terms of long term disability, stroke is the leading cause as people may live on with their life span after a completed stroke. Furthermore, having a stroke does not mean that a person cannot have another one to further cause disability. Now, it is seen that nearly three-quarters of all strokes occur in people over the age of 65. It is also noted that the risk of having a stroke more than doubles each decade after the age of 55. (Internet Stroke Center 2009) This is not even accounting for those who go through strokes at a young age. Now, given this data, imagine the risk for one who is to live until 120 years old. Imagine if a large bulk of population were to live this long, then the worldwide prevalence of stroke survivors would be high. After a stroke, it is very possible for one to lose control of speech, of movement in half a body, of mobility, and sometimes even requiring full time nursing care. The implications on a person and a family would be immense. Given that strokes occur generally in people over 65, imagine having one at 70 and then living for 40 more years. How would one survive that lone without the capacity to communicate. It’s true that one can live with the heart beating, but the question is in terms of quality of life. Another concern that also affects health will be the incidence of depression. A longer life for one spouse would mean having to live through the death of loved ones. Longevity increases the number of years one would live past the death of a spouse and family. Studies can increase life but imagine a scenario where a parent has to live past his spouse children and grandchildren. Again, the concern regarding quality of life comes in play is emotional makeup is indeed a very important aspect of human life. Rebecca Utz, a sociologist at ISR stated: While only about 6 percent of widowed persons had serious financial problems since their spouse died, 63 percent reported less income and 34 percent said their financial strain increased significantly after they were widowed. The negative economic consequences are even more pronounced for women than they are for men, and the declines are lasting, not a temporary drop associated with funeral expenses or estate planning. (About. com 2009) This itself is proof of how one’s death can affect an individual, not only in terms of health and emotion, but in terms of capability to function as well. Increasing longevity means increasing the chances that people will outlive one, or even more spouses, and have to deal with many deaths for many years. Depression rates will increase as a consequence of spouses living well past their mates, their children and maybe even their grandchildren. A study conducted showed that eighty-four (24%) of 350 widows and widowers met criteria for depressive episodes at 2 months, 72 (23%) of 308 did so at 7 months, and 46 (16%) of 286 did so at 13 months, further supporting this claim that depression and emotional consequences of too much longevity should be of concern. (Zisook, S Shuchter, S. 1991) A fourth point that should raise concern for biologic implications for longevity revolve around care for the elderly. Today, families turn to nursing homes and assisted living to give the elderly the care and attention they need. The alarming factor now revolves around what actual care they are receiving in these places, as a congressional report made by CBS news correspondent Bill Whitaker previously stated that around 1,600 U. S. nursing homes, nearly one-third of all in total, have been cited for abuse. These reported abuses were of various types, spanning from physical, sexual and verbal. All abuse in all these forms is on the rise. The report further noted that that more than twice as many nursing homes were cited for abuse in 2000 than in 1996. It was further seen that in 1,601 nursing homes , around 1 in 10 abuse citations were made in serious incidents. By serious, it was meant that they either put residents at great risk of harm, injured them or killed them. (CBS news 2001) Imagine how greatly the health of these poor elderly could be affected by increased longevity. Already at this current time with our elderly, society is unable to provide adequate care for them, and resorting to nursing homes and various assisted living environments that have led to elderly abuse. What more an increase can be expected if people were to live into the hundreds. The population would have a drastic increase in the aged, thus increasing the burden on society to care for them. If at this current day and age, society already is unable to manage the abuse problem, then the health implications of longevity are grave in that they will aggravate the abuse by increasing the number of elderly left alone. Investigators have further said that many violations are neither detected nor reported, which leads officials to conclude that the problem is even underestimated. Surely, if society cannot currently manage the elderly and provide a good, healthy and safe environment for them, then there is no way that society can do so after a further increase in the aged that longevity research will bring. My fifth and final concern regarding longevity lies in the fact that it will now place a large amount of population that has needs to be fulfilled but cannot fulfill them on its own. Increasing longevity will increase the number of senior citizens and the number of non-working elderly dependent. The health concerns for this are immense, as the question that can now be raised is regarding who in society will provide for the health of these individuals who cannot earn a living for themselves. CDC research concerns states that the increased number of people with ages over 65 will potentially lead to increased health-care costs. The health-care cost per capita for persons from the age group over 65 years in the United States is three to five times greater than the cost for persons below that age. (CDC 2003) Imagine how this will increase if people were to live 20 years longer. Currently, the number of persons aged 65 years is expected to rise from around 35 million in 2000 to an estimated 71 million in 2030. Longevity will even increase this number. Eventually, as resources will decline, then there will not be enough economic support to support the aged, leading to substandard healthcare and health risks. There may not be enough to provide them with medical needs, particularly because the working population may be outnumbered by the dependent elderly non-working populous. As such, in conjunction with many other previously discussed claims, the promise of longevity, although seemingly tempting, may not exactly be as, wonderful as it seems to be. WORKS CITED About. com:Mental health (2009) ‘Losing a Spouse: What Hurts and What Helps [online] Available from http://mentalhealth. about. com/library/sci/1102/blspouse1102. htm [April 6, 2009] Alzheimers association (2009) ‘What is Alzheimers’[online] Available from http://www. alz. org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers. asp#early [April 6, 2009] CBS news (2001) ‘Nursing Home Abuse Increasing’ [online] Available from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2001/07/30/national/main304038. shtml [April 6, 2009] CDC (2003) ‘Public Health and Aging: Trends in Aging United States and Worldwide’ MMWR weekly[online] Available from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5206a2. htm [April 6, 2009] Douglas, J. (2006) ‘New longevity research center launched to study supercentenarians’ Natural News [online] Available from http://www. naturalnews. com/020701. html [April 6, 2009] Hodes, R. (2003) ‘Human Longevity and Aging Research’. Special Committee on Aging [online] Available from http://www. nia. nih. gov/AboutNIA/BudgetRequests/HLAgingResearch. htm [April 6, 2009] Internet Stroke Center (2009) ‘Stroke Statistics’ [online] Available from http://www. strokecenter. org/patients/stats. htm [April 6, 2009] Zisook, S Shuchter, S. (1991) ‘Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse ’ Am J Psychiatry [online] Available from http://ajp. psychiatryonline. org/cgi/content/abstract/148/10/1346 [April 6, 2009]

Literature Review On Mobile Apps Information Technology Essay

Literature Review On Mobile Apps Information Technology Essay In order to achieve a competitive edge over competitors by investing into emerging ICTs and growing their international market, Mobile Construction Ltd is considering innovative ways of providing their service to global customers. As the Global Reach Manager, the CEO asked to explore the potential of delivery and retrieval service for enterprise-wide, on-demand mobile Apps. Also, the Global Reach manager needs to identify benefits and barriers of using mobile Apps, as well as strategy for effective use of existing Apps and development of new Apps. 2 Literature review on mobile Apps 2.1 Mobile Application Market Early mobile application solutions required enterprises to choose between cradle-based synchronization through a wire line network or a pure online wireless solution (PENTA group, 2010). However, Mobile applications are a rapidly rising segments of the international mobile market, which consist the software runs on a mobile device and performs certain tasks for the clients. Because of the various functions including user interface for basic telephone and messaging service as well as advanced services, mobile Apps are widely used by customs. Also, mobile Apps are a large and continuously growing market and served by an increasing number of mobile App developers, publishers and providers (the Mobile Marketing Association group, 2008). New research suggests that the global market for mobile applications will explode over next two years. Research has been done for Getjar, the worlds second biggest Apps store, said that the market will grow to $17.5bn (Â £12bn) in the next two years and downloads would rise from 7bn last year to 50bn by 2012 a 92% increase (BBC News, 2010). 2.2 Existing Mobile Applications For a technical aspect, mobile Apps can be divided by the runtime environment they are executed: Native platforms and operating systems, such as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Linux. Mobile Web/browser runtimes, such as Webkit, Mozilla/Firefox, Opera Mini and RIM. Other managed platforms and virtual machines, such as Java/J2ME, BREW, FlashLite and Silverlight. (Mobile Marketing Association group, 2008) IPhone has acted as a revolution of global mobile phones. It has set a platform to develop all sorts of mobile Apps helping paint a better picture in mobile computing. The advantages of iPhone is that it is numerous with multi-touch interface, accelerometer, GPS, proximity sensor, dialer, sqlite3 database, OpenGL ES, Quartz, Encryption, Audio ,Game and Animation , Address book and Calendar including latest features of iPhone Gaming . Windows mobile application is the latest technology every mobile technique should process. This technology allows the user to browse the internet, send receive mails, check with schedules contacts, and prepare presentations, in short manage your whole business with the usage of your mobile. Android has been creating waves in the coming times with high technical interface in the mobile world. This latest innovation helps the publishers to deliver applications directly to the end user and easy downloads of applications can be achieved. The term BlackBerry has become the synonyms of the word Smart and Trendy. BlackBerry Smartphone are the worlds most desired integrated communication device. This brilliant application not only meets a single need of one person but the usage can extend to an entire enterprise be it a small scale or a huge industry. (Maadesigns.co.uk, 2010) 2.3 Infrastructure Cellular technology have largely expanded the frequency use of mobile phones, the first generation cellular mobile telephones developed by using incompatible analogue technologies while the second generation cellular mobile telephone and GMS was developed by using digital technology in 1980 (Gans G.S. et al, 2003). Over thirty years of mobile cellular networks advancements, data transmission over cellular systems has been major breakthrough in recent years. Third generation systems (3G) have been developed as new mobile cellular networks, which is known as IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telephony-2000) by ITU(Wiley J. Sons, 2005). 3G have met the single-user data rates requirement of the IMT-2000 on a technical level. However, it is limited 3G services in some areas such as video telephony (Agilent Technologies, 2008). ITU has received six candidate technology submissions for the global 4G mobile wireless broadband technology known as IMT-Advanced. And it is expected in October 2010 , the selected technologies to be accorded the official designation of IMT-Advanced to qualify as true 4G technologies (ITU, 2009). The south Korean government is already developing 5G access which may be ready soon after 4G service put into market, although 4G cellular wireless still waiting (MNM Media, 2009). Cloud computing is described as both a platform and type of application. As a platform, cloud computing can be physical machines or virtual machines dynamically servers as needed. Advanced cloud computing include other computing resources such as storage area networks (SANs), network equipment, firewall and other security devices. As a type of applications, cloud computing use large data centres and powerful servers host Web application and Web services since it can be extended accessible through the internet. It is said that anyone can access a cloud application with a suitable internet connection and a standard browser (IBM, 2007). Typically, it can divid cloud computing into three levels of service, which support virtualization and management of differing levels of the solution stack, offerings: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) (Oracle Corporation, 2009). 3 Opportunities for mobile Apps in construction The PENTA team (2010) insists that the construction industry is a mobile workforce, which comprised of a range of companies with self-performing Electrical and Mechanical contractors to Engineering and Construction firms to specialty concrete and plumbing. Mobile phone is the most convenient device to deliver mobile Apps, particularly for emerging because of it is a daily used device. The most use mobile Apps in construction industry are calculation, drawing, management, measurement and video records which are based on variety of software. 3.1Calculation It is quite normal for using smart phones as calculators in different areas. In construction industry, calculations can be used anywhere, such as, material supply, finance calculation, dynamic calculation, structure calculation and calculation in measurement and design. Generally speaking, the calculation in construction industry is not too complicate, therefore it is convenient to install calculation software for smart phones in order to get emergency result and check and calculate. Currently, there are several kinds of mobile apps such as Construction advantage calculator 2.0, AFHTech RC Columns and Beams 1.0.0 and PocketStatics 2.01. 3.2 Drawing Nowadays the architecture drawing is mainly based on computers, by using powerful design software architects can get the most accurate and clear drawings. Smart phone can also works as minicomputer for architecture drawing by using related software to check the original drawing and do some changes. Also, the architects can create the sketch work and get design ideas in record time without leaving the clients. Furthermore, they can use massage function of smart phones to send their works or ideas to the company. Power CAD Site Master CE 1 has been welcomed by construction workers for years. 3.3 Management Computer is used by construction manager and builder to get technological solutions of scheduling and delivery the construction process efficiently. Also, site managers and builders use computer to manage contracts, manage delivery, record construction process and manage and record risk happened in construction process. Since, site manager and builders cannot get computers anywhere, it is quite convenient for them to use smart phones with mobile Apps to check and complete their works, particularly in emergency situation. The popular Apps for construction management are Construction Manager 2.5 and Penta Mobile Field Reporting. 3.4 Measurement Instead of big and heavy measurement equipment for construction measurement work, smart phone with mobile Apps can work well for the measurement task. By using GPS function of smart phones, you will not lose or cannot find the construction site. Also, mobile Apps can make smart phones work as plumb, to get horizontal, vertical and spirit level measuring. Most popular Apps are Kais Bubble Level.Net 2.2 and Plumb-bob. 3.5 Camera record Camera record is a powerful App for smart phones using in construction area. It can take pictures and videos for the visible construction information such as gather site information, get risk information, record construction process, store property information and so on. The Apps can get literature record works together with camera can make the construction information more clear and visible. Also, it will make video conference on mobile phone become more and more popular. 4 Infrastructure/system requirements As mobile phone needs the infrastructures to support it works, the quality of infrastructure/system requirements is deeply related to the quality of mobile Apps service. The infrastructure/system requirements is summarized as: good network to support data requirement, developed device to support the Apps works, high speed operation platform to support the Apps work well. 4.1 Network Signal quality is almost the most important factor which effects the mobile communication and mobile Apps works. Since 3G network is the most popular wireless network for Mobile Apps, the majority of developed countries have been developed the communication technologies. Current mobile Apps are mainly produced based on 3G network system, and there are lots of limitation and restrict on improvement of Mobile Apps because of the limitation of data transmission. Therefore, it seems that it is impossible to widely develop the video transmission Apps at this moment. 4G system may make it possible for widely developed the Apps in construction areas when it become commercial used. 4.2 Device The mobile phone device is known as the hardware to apply Mobile Apps. The processor is the heart of Mobile device which must quick enough to support the calculation speed. As well, the battery is required powerful enough to support the mobile phone works long time. The screen and keyboard need to convenient for the use of Mobile Apps in construction area. The hard drive or storage space need to enlarge for video or files to store and the run of systems and mobile Apps. The newest Apple iPhone 3GS with 32 G storage space which can record clear video about one day on theory, however, the battery can just support the video process less than 3 hours. 4.3 Operation system Operation system is the platform of mobile Apps software and many mobile Apps software are produced based on the operation systems. For example, the operation system requirement of calculation Apps such as Construction advantage calculator 2.0, AFHTech RC Columns and Beams 1.0.0 and PocketStatics 2.01 is Windows Mobile 2003. Currently, the most popular smart phone operation systems are Apple OS, RIM Black Berry OS, Symbian OS, Android OS and Microsoft Mobile OS. The diversity of operation systems creates trouble for mobile Apps work well under different operation systems. The adaptability of mobile Apps and operation system should be improved because of the difference of the operation systems. 5 Implementation Strategy Since 4G system will make mobile Apps more powerful and more convenient, smart phones will play more and more important roles in construction industry. The implementation strategy on mobile Apps which used in construction will be created based on 4G system. Because of the 4G system can enhance peak data rates to support advanced services and applications and the targets of 4G system are established as 100 Mbps for high and 1 Gbps for low mobility (Agilent Technologies, 2008). Thus, by developing the existing mobile Apps in construction areas, it can create the implementation strategy based on 4G system can focus on e-business, video conference and GPS measurement. 5.1 E- business With the high speed data transfer speed, the mobile Apps for E-business can be developed. The construction companies can receive and send out their contracts immediately after the decision making. Also, the companies can negotiate the contracts price and amend their contracts without delay by mobile Apps. The construction managers can manage the contract by mobile Apps easily, by the wireless with their company computers. Furthermore, the implemented E-business Apps allow construction managers to get the detail information of their clients, material suppliers and their employees. Thus, it is quite necessary to implement E-business in construction organizations. 5.2 Video transmission 4G system can offer high data delivery speed which allows video conference and video transmission as mobile Apps more frequent and more effective. During the 3G period, it can also using video transmission though smart phones, however, the video transfer speed and quality is so poor that it cannot for widely use in construction area. This situation will be totally changed during 4G period when high speed data transfer can enable video conference and video record transmission during different stakeholders in construction organization. Also, video transmission can be developed as distance guidance programme, when the risk happens the recorded video can be transferred to the professional group who communication by video conference with smart phones, also they can guide the construction workers to solved the problems by video conference. Therefore, video transmission will share a large market of mobile Apps in construction area. 5.3 GPS measurement GPS measurement is frequently used in construction area, particularly in highway construction and energy supply line construction. The original GPS equipments is big and heavy to carry, it mean the mobility of GPS equipments are poor. It can implement the mobile phone to replace the GPS equipments as measurement tools through the mobile Apps. Currently it can use GPS Apps in smart phone for location guides. Since the smart phone is quite convenient to carry and it can work as plump equipment with mobile Apps, it is essential to implement the Apps work together with GPS Apps and developed new GPS measurement Apps. Also, Infrared measurements can be used as measurement apps in mobile phone. 6 Benefits and Barriers The benefits and barriers of the mobile Apps in construction areas are difficult indentified sometimes. However, it can general get the benefits and barriers factors for using mobile Apps in construction areas. 6.1 Benefits The benefits of using mobile Apps in construction areas cannot calculation by how many pounds or dollars, since you cannot evaluate the apps used during emergency. Generally, the benefits of using mobile Apps can be defined as saving transport fees and dealing with emergency. 6.1.1 Saving transport fees Mobile Apps are used for connecting with the construction company groups in different areas. Transport fees are saved since mobile Apps can take the roles of many function tools such as camera, pump and professional calculator and so on. As well, the mobile can used as camera, many managers are not necessary to get site visit in order to acquaint the construction site. 6.1.2 Dealing with emergency Many emergencies happened in construction area need professional tool to deal with; however, mobile phone with the Apps in construction area can act as the professional tools sometimes. There are huge benefits of mobile phone Apps used for emergency, which cannot measured by money. 6.2 Barriers Since it needs to develop mobile Apps for enterprise-wide and on-demand mobile service delivery, the network coverage level in different countries has great gap and the internet security problems cannot solved will be the main barriers. 6.2.1 Unbalanced Network coverage Because the unbalanced economic and technology development of the world, the developed countries such as the UK, the US and the EU countries have already complete their 3G network coverage a decades before, however, the developing countries such as China has just begin the coverage project of 3G network. The developed countries plan to develop 4G network coverage since 2012, but for the developing countries may be need another decade. 6.2.2 Security problems Using wireless connection in transferring information from construction site to the main office and having that information stored in mobile memory, the security is a big issue which is concerned by many construction organizations. The stolen of mobile device, the leak of commercial secret and the attack by hacker, all these problems will cased the lost of company benefits. Thus, it is quite essential to solve the security problems in mobile Apps. 7 New Apps Development The aim of the development this new Apps is offering the full service delivery for construction companies globally. The idea of the new App based on 4G system and cloud computing used in construction area, thus the name of the new App is cloud computing construction programme. 7.1 Cloud computing construction programme (CCCP) Cloud computing construction programme (CCCP) is an idea of new mobile Apps in construction area. The programme will developed based on 4G system, which requires high data transfer speed. The functions of the new App will contain commercial management, GPS measurement, video record and transmission, architecture drawing and risk management. Considering the compatibility of different functions Apps work in one programme, it is planned to divide the programme into small function programmes. The structure of the programme is showed as figure 7.1. C:Documents and SettingsxuweiweiDesktop11.jpg Figure 7.1 Cloud computing construction programme structure 7.2 Cloud Computing Since the CCCP is a big programme for smart phone device and operation system, it is considering the new App will use cloud computing to share the capitation and run speed by the Internet. Because of the App can share the Internet as part of processor, the hardware requirements of smart phones to run the new App will be greatly reduced. Also, by using advanced cloud computing to support the new App, it can share other computing resources and data centres and powerful servers host Web. Although this App is support by cloud computing, cloud computing is totally separate from the operational system of the mobile device. In this programme cloud computing is used both as Apps and platform. Conclusion The use of mobile Apps in construction organizations has great benefits and advantages. Also, there are many barriers for develop mobile Apps for enterprise-wide, on-demand mobile service delivery and retrieval. However, the barriers of mobile Apps in construction area will be less and less because of the development of mobile network coverage and mobile phone device development.

The Door Window Lifting Mechanism Engineering Essay

The Door Window Lifting Mechanism Engineering Essay Mechatronics is at the heart of this boom in vehicle design and functionality. Mechatronics engineering unites the principles of mechanical, electrical, electronics and computing to generate a simpler, more economical, efficient and reliable system. Applications of Mechatronics in designing products and processes is driving advances in automobiles the actual cars and components, as well as the equipment needed to build, diagnose and service them. Nowadays the mechatronic systems are reliable, accurate and have a very high efficiency especially in automobiles with Electronic engine controls, Anti-lock braking system and self parking system. Electronic controlled IC engines without starting motor and driverless car systems are under experiment with the evolution of modern mechatronics. Door window Lifting Mechanism http://auto.howstuffworks.com/power-window.htm In the door window lifting mechanism a small motor is attached to a worm gear and many other spur gears to create a large gear reduction, to reduce speed and to give enough torque to lift the door window. This mechanism consists of a long linkage arm attached to bottom of window. When the motor turns the gear, that engages the teeth of long linkage arm to move the window up or down depends on motor direction. Animation of window lifting mechanism at work, with inset of motor and gear reduction Ref [ ] Door Lock Door lock mechanism has to be very reliable because it is going to unlock the doors tens of thousands of times over the life of a car. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-intro.jpg In the power door lock system, the body controller decides to lock or unlock the door. The body controller is nothing but the computer in a car. It monitors for the correct code entered on the door mounted touch pad and unlocks the door. It also monitors the radio frequency signals, when it receives the correct digital code from the radio transmitter in the key fob, it provides power to the actuator that locks or unlocks the door. Door lock mechanism is quite simple. It consists of a small electric motor that serves as a gear reduction by turning a series of spur gears. The last gear drives a rack and pinion gear set that is connected to the actuator rod. The rotational motion of the motor is converted to linear motion by the rack which is needed to move the lock. achttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-actuator2.jpgInside the power-door-lock actuator A centrifugal switch is connected to the gear and engaged by the motor. When the motor spins the gear, the clutch swings out and locks the small metal gear to the larger plastic gear, allowing the motor to drive the door latch. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-gears.jpg Centrifugal clutch on the drive gear The body controller also monitors a lot of little things like, it ensures the interior lights stay on until the car is started, it beeps out if the headlights are left on and also when the keys are left in the ignition condition. In advanced mechatronics, the switches are connected to one of the many electronic modules in the car. Some cars have one in the drivers door electronic module, as well as in the body controller. If the driver presses his window switch, the door module closes a relay that provides power to the window motor. If the driver presses the switch to adjust the passenger-side window, the drivers door module sends a packet of data onto the communication bus of the car. This packet tells the body controller to energize one of the passenger-side window motor. Wind shield wipers In windshield wiper mechanism a worm gear is used on the output of a small electric motor since a lot of force is required to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth quickly. An electronic circuit inside the motor/gear assembly senses when the wipers are in their down position. The circuit maintains power to the wipers until they are parked at the bottom of the windshield. The new type of wiper system introduced to control the wipes automatically called the Rain sensor system. This system uses the optical sensors to detect the moisture. The sensor projects infrared light into the windshield at a 45-degree angle. If the glass is dry, most of this light is reflected back into the sensor by the front of the windshield. If the glass is wet, the less light makes it back into the sensor. The electronics and software in the sensor turn on the wipers when the amount of light reflected onto the sensor decreases to a preset level. The system adjusts the speed as often as necessary to match with the rate of moisture accumulation. Anti-Lock Brakes System http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/anti-lock-brake1.jpg Anti lock braking system are used to keep the wheels from skidding while slow down and it benefits in two ways: able to stop faster and also able to steer while it stops. The controller monitors the speed sensors and looking for decelerations in the wheel that are out of the ordinary. It will experience a rapid deceleration right before wheel locks up. The ABS controller knows such a rapid decelerations is not possible so it reduces the pressure to that brake until it sees an acceleration, then it increases the pressure until it sees the deceleration again. This process is done very fast before the tyre can actually change speed. The result is that the tire slows down at the same rate as the car giving the system maximum braking power. Engine Control Unit computer from a ford ranger The engine control unit (ECU) is the most powerful computer on most cars. The ECU uses closed-loop control, a control scheme that monitors all the outputs of a system and it controls the inputs to a system, to reduce the emissions and increases the fuel economy of the engine. Fig Elements of Engine control Unit ECU gathering the data from sevarl different sensors like speed, temperature, crank shaft position and oxygen in exhaust etc. With this data, it performs millions of calculations in each second, including looking up values in tables, calculating the results of long equations to decide on the best spark timing and determining how long the fuel injection is open. The ECU does all of this to ensure the lowest emissions and best mileage. A modern ECU might contain a 32-bit, 40-MHz processor, 16 (MB) of memory in an ECU. Controlling the Cruise Control System The cruise control system controls the speed by adjusting the throttle position an electronic actuator. The throttle valve controls the power and speed of the engine by limiting air/fuel to the engine. The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer. It connects to the throttle control, as well as several sensors. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/cruise-control-diagram.gif A cruise control system accelerates the very fast to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation at independent of car weight, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of control system theory. The cruise control system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the throttle position, by feedback signal from speed and throttle position sensor. Also it needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage. Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive cruise control can automatically control the car speed to maintain a safe following distance. This technique uses forward-looking radar, installed behind the grill of a vehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it. Adaptive cruise control is same as to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicles pre-set speed, but also it need adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller. If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed. Self-parking Cars Some cars have put in rear view cameras, sensors and even computer generated 360-degree views of the car, people still manage to scrape, ding and dent their way into parking spaces. Self-parking car The system uses sensors all around the car to guide it into a parallel parking space. The driver has to find a parking space, position the car next to it, and use the in-cabin navigation screen to tell the car where it should go. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems FROG ( Free Ranging On Grid) technology is used in Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, which are driverless cars. FROG FROG vehicles are equipped with a computer that contains a map of the area in which the vehicle operates. The vehicle starts from a known location and uses the map to determine the route to its destination. It counts wheel revolutions to figure out how far it has travelled (sort of how you might count steps to figure out how far youve walked). To check itself, the vehicle also uses various calibration points (electronic landmarks for the vehicle) in the area it works. Throttle Position Sensor Throttle Valve Vacuum Actuator Cruise Control Computer Vehicle Speed signal Brake Pedal Switch Steering Wheel Controls Clutch Pedal Switchhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/cruise-control-diagram.gif

Paper :: essays papers

Paper The value of music education in society has been a significant subject since the time of Plato. Plato wrote about music education in his famous work the Republic: †¦Education in music is most sovereign, because more than anything else rhythm and harmony find their way to the inmost soul and take strongest hold upon it, bringing with them and imparting grace, if one is rightly trained, and otherwise the contrary. And further, because omissions and the failure of beauty in things badly made or grown would be most quickly perceived by one who was properly educated in music, and so, feeling distaste rightly, he would praise beautiful things and take delight in them and receive them into his soul to foster its growth and become himself beautiful and good. (Mark, 2002, p.6) Music education is in danger of being lost to the new generations attending school. It is too important to be cast aside, and technology can be used to aid in the fight to save music education. Importance of Education The importance of music education can be seen by examining numerous scholarly articles. The National Association for Music Education (MENC) believes that music education will help children to grow and perform well in society, school, life, and increasing their intellect (MENC, 2002). According to the American Arts Alliance Fact Sheet from October of 1996, music helps in society because it will â€Å"create jobs, increase the local tax base, boost tourism, spur growth in related businesses and improve the overall quality of life for our cities and towns† (MENC, 2002). Music education helps improve test scores in school; the College-Bound Seniors National Report stated that students who took classes in performing music scored 57 points more on the verbal section of the SATs and 41 points more on the math. Music education increases the intellect of students. Instruction in music is better than instruction in computer literacy because it increases the ability for children to learn reasoning skills (MENC, 2002). Another article called â€Å"Music Makes You Smarter† discusses â€Å"an important link between musical training and other cognitive abilities, particularly spatial abilities – the abstract reasoning that is used for understanding relationships between objects such as, for example, when calculating a proportion or playing chess† (Rausher, 1997). Music education is very important because it challenges students to think ahead such as when reading lines of music before playing them (Rausher, 1997).

Wayne Gretzky - Comparison Of Two Biographies :: essays research papers

In this essay, I need to compare two biographies of a famous person. I will plot out the difference and compare the two books considering point of view, bias, aim, omission, interest and interpretation. This person is my hero and idol. He is one of the great player in the history of hockey. He set the all-time NHL scoring record in 26 seasons and got four Stanley cup in a row from 1984-1988. He is Wayne Gretzky, the most brilliant and talent hockey player in this century. Ichose the "Gretzky and Taylor" and "Gretzky with Rick Reilly.The book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly was an autobiography. It showed how Wayne Gretzky from his AHL to a famous NHL player. In this book, there were a lot of Gretzky's childhood. We knew that Wayne Gretzky could skate at two years old. He was well known by people at six. When he was ten, he was signing autographs and had a national magazine article written about him. A thirty- minutes national television show done on him at fifteen. It also talk about Gretzky's hero when he was a kid. He was a funny guy. He was Gretzky's hockey instructor. He was also his lacrosse, baseball basketball and cross country coach. He was not only coach, but also trainer and chauffeur. Gretzky called him dad, his name was Walter. However, in the book "Gretzky and Taylor", it did not show anything in Gretzky's childhood. It was started when Gretzky became the NHL player, a member of Edmonton Oiler's rookie. How he became the hall of the frame. The description of this book was very interesting. The writer show the thing through the game. For example the first chapter was talking about the 1984 Stanley Cup final between the Edmonton Oilers and New York Islander. "Wayne," he said, "don't worry about not scoring so far. Just make sure that when you do get a goal for us is a big one. " (Page 15 Gretzky and Taylor ) From this conversation, we could know what had happen at that time. So, there was different between the point of view of those two books. Although this two books had the different point of view, they both had the same aim. They also showed to young people that worked hard was the only source of success. In the book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly", Gretzky showed his talent when he was young.

Are Zoos Internment Camps for Animals Essay

Majority of people are familiar with the popular animation movie, Madagascar. The plot includes four spoiled zoo animals that escape to the wild and quickly find out that it’s not what they expected. Now this movie has quite the comedic take on a much bigger issue: whether the zoo is an internment camp for animals that should be shut down or not. Zoos are seen as a tourist attraction while the animals are used for the entertainment. Honestly ponder this question: who didn’t want to go to the zoo as a child and see Bobo the famous seal do silly yet entertaining tricks? The concept of the zoo takes away animal’s natural instincts to live in the wild; however, it is understandable if an animal or a certain species that’s close to extinction is taken in by zoo care. Therefore, zoos are an internment camp for those animals that are capable of taking care of their selves in the wild and aren’t for those that are in need of care and close to extinction. Re gardless of how much effort is put into recreating an animal’s specific habitat, it will never be the same. Orcas for example, would have to swim the circumference of SeaWorld’s main pool 1,900 times in ONE day to replicate the 100 miles they swim everyday in the vast oceans (â€Å"8 Reasons Orcas Don’t Belong at SeaWorld†). Due to such a small habitat, orcas are forced to live and perform next to other whales either equal if not bigger than them. This results in anxiety and tension between the orcas which causes them to fight. A factor such as fighting can lead to early, unexpected deaths in parks and zoos. Animals die prematurely in zoos. African elephants in the wild live more than three times as long as those kept in zoos. Even Asian elephants working in timber camps live longer than those born in zoos (â€Å"10 Facts about Zoos†). Animals were created to live in the wild so, naturally when born into a zoo their natural instincts aren’t developed. If there is ever a case when an animal would have to be released back to the wild from a zoo, the animal wouldn’t necessarily be as prepared as it would have been actually growing up in the wild. The most important  aspect of zoo captivity is the process of being taken away from families and from freedom. The animals cannot run, roam, climb, hunt, forage, choose a partner, or be with others of their species (â€Å"Entertainment Issues: Captive Creatures†). Humans tend to forget that we have relation to animals due to our evolution and complexity especially when it comes to feelings; however, there is no bond stronger than that of a family bond. Captivity can bring a sense of loneliness, yet that void could be filled with the animal’s family†¦that in some cases won’t be there. It is understood that a zoo keeps animals safe. This is true to an extent. Over a six month period, six animals died at the National Zoo due to the misuse of harsh chemicals to kill off rats (â€Å"Entertainment Issues: Captive Creatures†). In the wild, this domestic issue would not have been a problem. A zoo can only keep animals safe for so long without hurting them, which is by shielding them from the animal that they really are in this world. This â€Å"shield† will eventually cause animals to lose their nature all together. It’s possible to give zoos the benefit of the doubt when it comes to taking care of endangered species. Still not letting zoos off the hook yet, extensive research has to be put into the species before taking the animals in. Even after that research has been put in who’s to say that that particular zoo is capable of handling such a creature. There are still many hidden possibilities such as micromanaging the endangered animals in their habit, habitat restoration, or assisted reproduction just to name a few. An animal’s life should only be confined if its circumstances are so unmanageable that zoos need to take a small step in and take care of the struggling animal(s). Consider being that animal in the zoo that’s told what to do every day of their lives, held in the same place, forced to b e with an incompatible mate, and trained to do tricks made for domestic animals. Think of being taken from the infinite blue oceans and moved to artificial pool sized tank. It isn’t â€Å"the pampered life† that zoos make it out to be. It is up to humans, who are aware of conditions of zoos behind the scenes, to ensure that the animals that are in captivity or are an endangered species receive the utmost efficient quality, care, and compassion possible.

Main Death Camp in 1942 Essay

Firstly, until mid-1943, the primary(prenominal) decease inhabits were camps similar to Sobibor, Belzec, and Treblinka. However, when all of the non desirables had been liquidated, these camps eject down. cobblers last camps were only meant to be a temp place, and once their job was completed, they would pronto be dismantled. Auschwitz was different. It incorporated a undertaking camp so was designed for a much longer use than its contenders. The particular that it was one of the a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) camps that wasnt temporary, meant that Jews from former(a) areas of Europe non just from nearby districts were displace to Auschwitz to be dealt with accordingly. This made Auschwitzs existence grow to way beyond the amount it was originally designed to cause around 11,000. However, in August 1944, the population was a massive 105,168.Secondly, the camp too had other uses, apart from a closing camp. Auschwitz I was the base camp, in which the unharmed of A uschwitz-Birkenau was operated from, which as well incorporated a few gas chambers, and prison cells. Auschwitz II-Birkenau was the main death camp, where the majority of the 1.5-2 million Jews were killed. Auschwitz II also incorporated a separate camp for Roma and Ukrainian Gypsies, where Gypsies were sent from Ghettos such as Lodz, and from countries in the Nazi Empire.Auschwitz tercet was the main Labour camp, where Jews and other slight desirables were held and worked for the Reich. Auschwitz also had 45 sub-camps, in the adjoin areas. These sub-camps were concentration camps, where non desirables were held until they were moved to Auschwitz itself. The vast graze of camps in Auschwitz made it the main extinction camp, as it was a lot easier direct the non desirables to Auschwitz via train, that to build several hundred temporary Extermination camps.Lastly, Himmler ordered for the camp to ontogeny in size, saying the existing defunctness centres in the east are not su fficient to cope with an operation on such a scale. The struggle emphasised the quickly progressed the killings in the Death camps, and Himmler knew that there were no camps big sufficiency to deal with the undesirables on an industrial level. Auschwitz by this time was quite a trivial camp, with good railway links to Germany andthe reliever of Poland. During this time, Himmler also, said that Auschwitz should be the main camp for the proposed Final Solutions.In conclusion, the main causal agent why Auschwitz was the main Death encamp was due to the fact that Auschwitz was one of the few permanent killing stations. This meant that undesirables were sent there from all all over Europe, and overpopulated the camp. This resulted in the camp increasing in size, and overall, having over seven gas chambers and crematoriums.